Natalie Nyathi
Zimbabwe has officially gazetted the long-awaited Mines and Minerals Bill, marking an important step in reforming the country’s mining sector. This new law, published under General Notice 1243A of 2025, will replace the outdated Mines and Minerals Act of 1961, which has faced criticism for being inadequate and lacking accountability.
The journey to this point has taken a long time. Initially drafted in 2015, the Bill faced several delays, including a significant moment when President Emmerson Mnangagwa refused to sign an earlier version due to concerns about property rights. This highlighted the need to balance mineral exploration with the rights of landowners, especially in a country where agriculture is vital.
The Mines and Minerals Bill introduces several important reforms. It will create a Mining Affairs Board to oversee decisions, improving governance in the sector. The Bill also establishes clear rules on mining titles through a centralized Mining Cadastre Register, which aims to reduce corruption. Additionally, it includes stricter environmental protections, requiring miners to fund land rehabilitation efforts, and formally recognizes small-scale miners.
One of the most debated issues is a clause that gives miners priority over farmers if minerals are found on agricultural land. This has raised concerns about property rights and potential conflicts between farming and mining interests. The government knows that food security is crucial, and the new Bill needs to find a fair balance between these two sectors.
The gazetting of the Mines and Minerals Bill is expected to improve Zimbabwe’s investment climate. By clarifying rules and enhancing transparency, the Bill aims to rebuild investor confidence, which has been weakened by years of political instability and poor governance in mining. Stakeholders hope that a better legal framework will attract both local and foreign investment, which is essential for revitalizing the economy.
As the Bill moves through Parliament, lawmakers will need to tackle issues of governance in the mining sector. Critics have long pointed to poor regulation and environmental damage as major concerns. Stricter oversight measures and community benefit-sharing clauses will be key to ensuring that mining benefits are shared fairly.
Passing the Mines and Minerals Bill is more than just an update to the law; it tests Zimbabwe’s commitment to constitutional rights and good governance. The government’s ability to balance economic growth with these rights will be closely watched as the debate continues.
The gazetting of the Mines and Minerals Bill is a crucial moment for Zimbabwe, with the potential to change the mining landscape and address ongoing issues. As the country works to modernize its legal framework, all eyes will be on lawmakers to ensure the final version of the Bill meets the hopes of all Zimbabweans, promoting sustainable development and responsible investment.